The temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, is the jaw joint where the lower jaw meets the skull. It includes the surrounding facial tissue and muscles that control jaw movement. Located just in front of the ears on both sides of the head, the TMJ is a flexible hinge joint — much like the knee — that allows the jaw to move up, down, and side to side as we eat, chew, yawn, and talk. When this joint is not functioning properly, it can affect your daily comfort.
What Causes TMJ Disorders?
TMJ problems are typically associated with the muscles surrounding the joint or the joint itself. Common causes include:
- Trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or direct impact to the jaw
- Clenching or grinding of the teeth, which increases pressure on the joint
- Hyperextension of the joint, causing dislocation of the cartilage or disc
- Arthritic changes within the joint
- Stress-related tightening or overexertion of the facial muscles
Symptoms of TMJ Disorder
TMJ disorders appear more frequently in women than men and most commonly — though not exclusively — between the ages of 20 and 40. Symptoms can be short-term or chronic and may include:
- A tired, fatigued feeling in the jaw
- Pain in or around the jaw, neck, or ear during movement
- Limited ability to open the mouth fully
- Clicking or popping sounds when moving the jaw
- Difficulty bringing the teeth together to chew
- Headaches, earaches, or ringing in the ears
- Shoulder or neck pain
Symptoms may occur on one or both sides. It is important to note that other conditions — including dental issues, sinus problems, and arthritis — must also be evaluated before a TMJ diagnosis is confirmed.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a complete exam, a thorough health history, and radiographs to gain a full picture of the joint and surrounding structures.
Treatment begins with conservative, non-surgical options and progresses only if needed — surgery is generally considered a last resort. Basic treatment options include:
- Palliative care: Limiting jaw activity and applying moist heat to reduce discomfort
- Medications: To manage pain and inflammation
- Splint therapy: A custom-designed oral splint built specifically for your bite and jaw position to help reduce pressure on the joint
It should be noted that ongoing TMJ management may be required depending on the nature and severity of your condition.
Have Your Jaw Pain Assessed in Langley
If you are experiencing jaw pain, clicking, or difficulty chewing, it is worth having it looked at. Schedule a consultation at Banyan Dental in Langley, BC. Dr. Verma, General Dentist, will examine your jaw, take a full history, and discuss the treatment options available to you.
